But critics of large dams, Hoover is an abnormality. Oxford researchers analyzed olam agro india 24

A new report from scientists at Oxford University argues that large dams are a very risky investment - with budgets that grow more than expected, immersing emerging debt and unaffordable benefits are dubious. Do they really sense these types of investments? olam agro india
Suffice to cast an eye over the fine Hoover dam, a wall high as 60 floors to jitteriness suffered spine. Built with concrete so it would be enough olam agro india to pave a highway from New York to San Francisco - huge barrier is the symbol of man's mastery over nature and an engineering marvel of the twentieth century.
Dam is believed to have helped the U.S. economy to return to growth after the Great Depression, checking the Colorado River, prone to flooding and creating free electric energy for dry southwest states.
But critics of large dams, Hoover is an abnormality. Oxford researchers analyzed olam agro india 245 large dams with a height greater than 15 feet built between 1934 and 2007. They found that dams have exceeded an average of 96 percent of their initial budgets - where Brazil's Itaipu dam possession had exceeded 240 percent - and have requested an average 8.2 years to build.
In most cases, they say, megadigat are not economically viable. olam agro india But after two decades of rest, large dams are chiselled out once again as welfare lottery ticket. Different olam agro india countries from China to Brazil to Pakistan and Ethiopia are rushing to raise these dams.
More than 90 percent of the world's renewable energy comes from dams, according to the International Commission on Large Dams. Hjuxhes Andy (Andy Hughes) from the British Society for Dams shows Laos and Vietnam as examples of best places to build dams for electricity. "They are building dams, are generating electricity olam agro india and are export energy to other countries, so it is more profitable for them," he says.
But Bent Flivbjerg, kryekërkuesi to study at Oxford University for dams, says the dams "are not neutral carbon gas, and they are not neutral gas that creates the greenhouse effect." Large quantities of concrete required to build them left behind a huge CO2 footprint, he says.
"We do not accept olam agro india that we are discussing opportunities between large hydropower dams and fossil fuels. We like to focus discussion on major dams against electricity from smaller hydro projects, "he says.
Flivbjerg says he expects the price of 14.4 billion announced as the cost of Belo Monte project in Brazil to rise to 27.4 billion dollars, surpassing all the potential benefits and plunging the country into a mountain of debt.
At least Brazil's economy is healthy. But for many developing economies, massive dams bring disaster, says Flivbjerg. Some countries receive large loans - often in foreign currency, which makes them perishable from exchange rate fluctuations - and when dams do not provide the promised benefits, these sites receive a heavy blow.
But Andy Huxhes says that dams have many benefits. According to his critics should ask themselves these questions: "How do people olam agro india who generate electricity as possible to give people drinking water, as can be irrigated farms, can be treated as sewage?" .
He says that dams can play Purpose important in reducing climate change. In dry times, olam agro india reservoirs provide drinking water and water for irrigation. During wet periods, the dams were built for flood protection key.
"There olam agro india was a net increase in the availability of water during dry periods and protection of the Low Countries during the flood, which is exactly why the construction of dams," she explained.
"It olam agro india all depends on who is at the table, - she says. There were many Discuss for half a century or more on the broader context in which these projects are built - ie, matters that whoever loses his life, who benefits from the dam and environmental costs and benefits. "
"My opinion is that dams can not ever win. If we build a dam, we receive criticism, but once the dam is built, people say, 'what was all that hassle? Is not it more fun to walk around the lake for a picnic? ' And if you try to destroy a dam, then criticized for damaging a beautiful environment. "
Experts predict that the cost of construction can not be recovered
Large dams produce olam agro india electricity that is considered "free" in most cases, but often argued that low price energy produced does not take into account the cost of the initial investment, loss of agricultural land occupied by a lake